Kiln.



PATENTED MAR. 29,1904.

PATBNTED MAR. 29, 1904.

T. HAMPTON.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE e, 190s.

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N0 MODEL.

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T. HAMPTON.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6, 1903.

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PATBNTED MAR. 29, 1904.

T. HAMPTON.

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PATENTBD MAR. 29, 19o4.

T. HAMPTON.

KILN.

APPMGATION FILED JUNE e, 1903.

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\ n l @Henne/13 No. 755,655'. PATENTED MAR. 29, 19704.

T. HAMPTON.

KILN.

APPLIUATION FILED :UNB e. 190s.

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fltboinu- UNITED STATES Patented March 29, 1904.

THOMAS HAMPTON, OF WEST ELIZABETH, PENNSYLVANIA.k

.KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part ef Lettere Patent No. 755,655, dated Maren29, 1904.

Application sied June 6,1963. sentirlo. 160,424.. remodel To @ZZ whom)it may concern.-

Beit known that I, THOMAS HAMPTON, a citizen of the United States,residing at West Elizabeth, in the county of Allegheny and StateofPennsylvania, have invented new and useful Improvements in Kilns, ofwhich the following is a specification.

My invention relates ,to new and useful improvements in kilns for use inburning bricks, tiles, pipes, and other clay materials. Its object is toprovide a kilnof'the downdraft variety the floor of which is solid andextends over a novel arrangement of iiues the outlets from which arelocated'acljacent the center of the kiln and also along the wallsthereof. Dampers are provided whereby the hot air from the furnacesarranged within the walls of the kiln may be directed to the center orto the sides of the kiln, as desired, so as to control the distributionof heat and prevent overburning of the articles within the kiln.

With the above and other objects in view the invention consists in thenovel construction and combination of parts hereinafter more fullydescribed and claimed, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings,showing the preferred form of my invention, and in which- Figure 1 is ahorizontal section through a circular kiln constructed in accordancewith my invention. Fig. 2 is a section on line 2 2, Fig. 1, showing thebottom of the kiln provided with a perforated covering. Fig. 3 is asection on line 3 3, Fig. 1, and through the perforated covering.5 Fig.4is a horizontal section through amodiiied form of kiln. Fig. 5 is asection on line 5 5, Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a section on line 6 6, Fig. 5,showing a portion of the kiln provided with a perforated bottom; andFig. 7 is adetail view of a portion of the perforated floor which may beused' in connection with the kiln.

' Referring to the figures by numerals of reference, 1 is the wall of acircular kiln, said wall being constructed in any desired manner andhaving furnaces 2 therein at desired intervals. These furnacescommunicate with combustion chambers or bags v3, formed by verticalwalls 4,l semicylindrical in form and extending from the floor of thekiln upward to a point adjacent the dome 5 thereof. Suitable doors 6 arearranged in the walls of the kiln and are adapted to be closed in anydesired An aperture 7 is formed in the dome 5 and is normally closed bymeans of a suitable cover 8. By means of this aperture the contents ofthe kiln may be readily examined. The Hoor 9 of the kiln is solid withthe exception of inlets 10, which are located near the walls at pointsbetween the bags 3, and a series of inlets 11, arranged in a circleadjacent the center of the kiln and concentric with the wall thereof.The inner series of inlets communicates with a circular iiue 12, theopposite sides of which communicate through a crosslue 13. Anoutlet-flue 14 extends from the center of the cross-flue to a mainflue15, arranged outside the kiln and opening at its outer end into asuitable stack 16. The circular flue 12 is intersected by theoutlet-flue 14, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. The outer series of inlets 10open into a circular flue 17, arrangedwithin the floor 9 and close tothe wall 1. The ends of this flue extend through the wall 1 intoopposite sides of the ottlet-flue 14, as shown at 18, andconnecting-lines 18a are interposed between and communicate with the twocircular iiues 17 and 12, one of these connecting-iiues preferably beingarranged adjacent each inlet 10. A damper 19 is arranged at the outerend of the outlet-iiue 14, and dampers 20 are located within the ends 18of the circular iiue 17. Access may be had to the main flue 15 through amanhole 21, which is .normally closed by means of a suitable cover 22.

Bythe novel arrangement of flues described andillustrated hot air fromthe furnaces 2 may be directed to any desired portion of the kiln. Whenit is desired to evenly distribute the heat within the kiln, the dampers19 and 20'are opened, and the hot air from the furnace will pass outwardover the upper ends of the bags 3 and into contact with the dome 5. Itwill then be' directed downward into the adjacent inlets 10 and 11 andthence outward through the lues connected to the inlets and to the stack16.A When itis desired to direct all of the heat to the center of thekiln, the dampers 2() are closed, and it is obvious, therefore, that theheat from the furnace will only nd its outlet through the IOO innerseries of inlets 11. By closing the damper 19 and opening the dampers2() the hot gases from the furnaces will pass directly through theinlets 1() and their Hue 17 to the main outlet-Hue 15. Should it bedesired to direct the heat to one side of the kiln only, the damper 20adjacent said side is opened, while the other damper 2() is closed. Thedamper 19 is also opened. The heat will then, as is obvious, pass fromthe furnaces directly to the inlets at one side which communicate withthe Hues in which the opened dampers 18 and 19 are located.

I attach considerable importance to the fact that with this form of kilnit is unnecessary to employ a perforated or checkered Hoor, as the heatcan be readily distributed to all parts of the kiln by means of thelarge Hues herein provided and when arranged as in the manner described.The perforated or checkered Hoors for kilns are objectionable in view ofthe fact that they soon become clogged with particles of brick, &c., andthe use of the kiln is thereby delayed until it can be properly cleaned.

When it is desired to use my improved kiln for burning hollowarticles-such as pipes, tiles, &c.-a peforated Hoor can be arranged uponthe solid Hoor in the manner illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 and as shownin detail in Fig. 7. This perforated Hoor comprises a series of parallelwalls 23, forming passages 24 therebetween and which serve to supportHoor-tiles 25, preferably L-shaped in form, as shown in Figs. 2 and 7.By providing an auxiliary Hoor such as herein described the hot air willpass downward between the Hoortiles and through the passages 24 to theinlets 10 and 11. With this construction hoods 26 are preferablyarranged over the inlets 10 and 11.

While I have described the kiln as being circular in form, it will ofcourse be understood that it may be rectangular or of any other desiredshape. In Figs. 4, 5, and 6 I have shown a rectangular kiln which isconstructed substantially in accord with the device above described. Byreferring to said figures it will be seen that furnaces 27 are arrangedat desired intervals in the side walls 28 ofthe kiln, and doors 29 areformed within the end walls 30 thereof. Walls 31 are arranged within thekiln upon the Hoor thereof and adjacent side walls and extend from oneend to the other of the kiln. These inner walls 31 form combustionchambers or bags for the reception of the hot air and gases from thefurnaces and serve to direct the hot products upward against the dome 32of the kiln. This dome is provided with apertures 33 havingsuitableclosures 34. Inlets 35 are arranged adjacent the walls 31 andcommunicate, through Hues 36, with a cross-Hue 37, extendinglongitudinally of the kiln. An outlet-flue 38 serves to connect thecentral portion of the cross-Hue 37 with the main Hue 39, which opensinto a stack 40. Side Hues 41 extend from the main Hue 39 to oppositeends of the cross-Hue 37. If desired, one or more of the inlets 35 maybe connected to the side Hues 41 by means of Hues 42. Inlets 43, similarto the inlets 35, may, if desired, open into the side Hues 41. Dampers44 are arranged within the side Hues adjacent their points of connectionwith the main Hue 39, and a damper 45 is also arranged in said main Hue.It will be understood that by the proper manipulation of these Hues thecurrents of hot air from the furnaces 27 may be directed to desiredportions of the kiln. In view of the fact that this kiln is long andnarrow in form it is unnecessary to provide inlets adjacent the centerthereof, although, if desired, they could be arranged above the Hue 37While this form of kiln is also provided with a solid Hoor, it isobvious that a perforated Hoor may also be used in connection therewith.In Fig. 6 I have shown a portion of the perforated Hoor in position, thesame being constructed in the same manner as that hereinbefore describedand as illustrated in Figs. 2, 3, and 7.

In the foregoing description I have shown the preferred form of myinvention; but I do not limit myself thereto, as I am aware thatmodifications maybe made therein without departing from the spirit orsacrificing any of the advantages thereof, and I therefore reserve theright to make such changes as fairly fall within the scope of myinvention.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new is- 1. In akiln, the combination with the walls and dome; of furnaces within thewalls, bags adjacent the furnaces, and a Hoor having inlets betweenadjoining bags, a cross-Hue within the Hoor and communicating with theinlets, an outlet-Hue communicating with the inlets and cross-flue, amain Hue, and means for closingcommunication between the said main Hueand the inlets and cross-Hue.

2. In a kiln, the combination with the walls and dome; of furnaceswithin the walls, bags adjacent the furnaces, and a Hoor having inletsintermediate the bags, a cross-Hue 13 communicating with the inlets andan outlet-Hue 14 communicating with the inlets and cross- Hue, and astack removed from the kiln and having a main Hue extending therefrom,said main Hue communicating with the outlet-Hue and having Huesextending from opposite sides thereof to the inlets and communicatingwith the cross-Hue.

3. In a kiln, the combination with the walls and dome; of furnaceswithin the walls, bags adjacent the furnaces; asolid Hoor having inletsintermediate the bags, concentric Hues into the outer one of which opensthe inlets, inlets in the inner concentric Hue, a cross-Huecommunicating at its ends with opposite sides of the inner concentricHue, connecting-Hues IOO IIO

interposed between the concentric Iiues, an

a cross-flue communicating at its ends With opposite sides of the innerconcentric flue, connecting-fines interposed between the con- 'centricflues, an outlet-Hue extending from the cross-flue and intersecting theinner concentric flue, a stack removed from the kiln and having a mainflue extending therefrom and communicating With the outlet-fluev and atopposite sides With the ends of the outer concentric Hue, dampers Withinsaid ends and in the outlet-flue, and an auxiliary perforated floorcomprising Walls forming passages therebetween and tiles upon the Walls.

In testimony whereof I aiix my signature in presence of tWo Witnesses.

THOMAS HAMPTON.

Witnesses:

JOHN S. SPEER, ARCHIBALD Gr. BOAL.

